Quaderni MOX
Pubblicazioni
del Laboratorio di Modellistica e Calcolo Scientifico MOX. I lavori riguardano prevalentemente il campo dell'analisi numerica, della statistica e della modellistica matematica applicata a problemi di interesse ingegneristico. Il sito del Laboratorio MOX è raggiungibile
all'indirizzo mox.polimi.it
Trovati 1349 prodotti
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MOX 88 - 24/09/2006
Quarteroni, Alfio; Rozza, Gianluigi
Numerical solution of parametrized Navier-Stokes equations by reduced basis methods | Abstract | | We apply the reduced basis method to solve Navier-Stokes
equations in parametrized domains. Special attention is devoted to
the treatment of the parametrized non-linear transport term in
the reduced basis framework, including the case of non-affine
parametric dependence that is treated by an empirical
interpolation method. This method features (1) a rapid
global convergence owing to the property of the Galerkin
projection onto a space W_N spanned by solutions of the
governing partial differential equation at N (optimally)
selected points in the parameter space, and (2) the
off-line/on-line computational procedures which decouple the
generation and projection stages of the approximation process.
This method is well suited for the repeated and rapid evaluations
required in the context of parameter estimation, design,
optimization, and real-time control. Our analysis focuses on:
(i) the pressure treatment of incompressible Navier-Stokes
problem; (ii) the fulfillment of an equivalent inf-sup condition to
guarantee the stability of the reduced basis solutions. The applications that we consider involve parametrized geometries, like e.g. a channel with curved upper wall or an arterial bypass configuration.
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MOX 87 - 15/09/2006
Peiro, J.; Formaggia, L.; Radaelli,A.; Rigamonti, V.
Shape reconstruction from medical images and quality mesh generation via implicit surfaces | Abstract | | The ability of automatically reconstructing physiological shapes, of generating computational meshes, and of calculating flow solutions from medical images is enabling the introduction of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques as an additional tool to aid clinical practice.
This article presents a set of procedures for the shape reconstruction and triangulation of geometries derived from a set of medical images representing planar cross sections of the object. The reconstruction of the shape of the boundary is based on the interpolation of an implicit function through a set of points obtained from the segmentation of the images. This approach is favoured for its ability of smoothly interpolating between sections of different topology. The boundary of the object is an iso-surface of the implicit function that is approximated by a triangulation extracted by the method of marching cubes. The quality of this triangulation is often neither suitable for mesh generation nor for flow solution. We discuss the use of mesh enhancement techniques to maximize the quality of the triangulation together with curvature adaption to optimize mesh resolution.
The proposed methodology is applied to the reconstruction and discretization of two physiological geometries: a femoral by-pass graft and a nasal cavity.
Keywords: Mesh generation; shape reconstruction; mesh enhancement; radial basis functions; implicit surfaces; medical image processing.
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MOX 86 - 10/07/2006
Amadori, Debora; Ferrari, Stefania; Formaggia, Luca
Derivation and analysis of a fluid-dynamical model in thin and long elastic vessels | Abstract | | Starting from the three-dimensional Newtonian and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a compliant straight vessel, we derive a reduced one-dimensional model by an averaging procedure which takes into consideration the elastic properties of the wall structure. In particular, we neglect terms of the first order with respect to the ratio between the vessel radius and length. Furthermore, we consider that the viscous effects are negligible with respect to the propagative phenomena. The result is a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic system of two equations in one space dimension, which describes the mean longitudinal velocity of flow and the radial wall displacement. The modelling technique here applied to straight cylindrical vessels may be generalized to account for curvature and torsion.
An analysis of well posedness is presented which demonstrates, under reasonable hypothesis, the global in time existence of regular solutions. |
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MOX 85 - 22/06/2006
Nobile, Fabio; Tempone, Raul; Webster, Clayton
A sparse grid stochastic collocation method for elliptic partial differential equations with random input data | Abstract | | This work proposes and analyzes a sparse grid stochastic collocation method for solving
elliptic partial differential equations with random coefficients and forcing terms (input data of the model). This method can be viewed as an extension of the Stochastic Collocation method
proposed in [Babuska-Nobile-Tempone, Technical report, MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica,
2005] which consists of a Galerkin approximation in space and a collocation at the zeros of
suitable tensor product orthogonal polynomials in probability space and naturally leads to the
solution of uncoupled deterministic problems as in the Monte Carlo method. The full tensor
product spaces suffer from the curse of dimensionality since the dimension of the approximating space grows exponentially fast in the number of random variables. If the number of random variables is moderately large, this work proposes the use of sparse tensor product spaces utilizing either Clenshaw-Curtis or Gaussian interpolants. For both situations this work provides rigorous convergence analysis of the fully discrete problem and demonstrates: (sub)-exponential convergence of the “probability error” in the asymptotic regime and algebraic convergence of the “probability error” in the pre-asymptotic regime, with respect to the total number of collocation points. The problem setting in which this procedure is recommended as well as suggestions for future enhancements to the method are discussed. Numerical examples exemplify the theoretical results and show the effectiveness of the method.
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MOX 84 - 12/06/2006
Dede', L.
Optimal flow control for Navier-Stokes equations: drag minimization | Abstract | | Optimal control and shape optimization techniques have an increasing role in Fluid Dynamics problems governed by Partial Differential
Equations (PDEs). In this paper we consider the problem of drag minimization for a body in relative motion in a fluid by controlling the velocity through the body boundary. With this aim
we handle with an optimal control approach applied to the steady incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations. We use the Lagrangian functional approach and we adopt the Lagrangian multiplier method for the treatment of the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which include the control function itself. Moreover we express the
drag coefficient, which is the functional to be minimized, through the variational form of the Navier-Stokes equations. In this way we can derive, in a straightforward manner, the adjoint and sensitivity equations associated with the optimal control problem, even in presence of Dirichlet control functions. The problem is
solved numerically by an iterative optimization procedure applied to state and adjoint PDEs which we approximate by the finite element method.
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MOX 83 - 26/05/2006
Abba', A.; Bonaventura, L.
A vorticity preserving finite difference discretization for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations | Abstract | | A finite difference discretization of the three-dimensional, incompressible Navier Stokes equations is introduced, based on ideas that have been applied successfully to geophysical flows over the last four decades.
The proposed spatial discretization is mass conservative and vorticity preserving, in the sense that a discrete form of the vorticity equation is derived naturally from the discrete momentum equation by application of a discrete rotation operator.
A vorticity preserving discretization of the viscous terms and an appropriate treatment for rigid wall boundary conditions are also proposed. The relationship of this approach to other similar techniques is discussed. The results are compared to those of a standard finite difference discretization approach in a number of relevant test cases, which demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method, especially when strong vorticity production takes place at the boundaries. |
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MOX 82 - 10/04/2006
Corno, A.F.; Prosi, M.; Fridez, P.; Zunino, P.; Quarteroni, A.;von Segesser, L.K.
The non-circular shape of FloWatch®-PAB prevents the need for pulmonary | Abstract | | Objective: To evaluate the differences between non-circular shape of
FloWatch®-PAB and conventional pulmonary artery (PA) banding.Methods: Geometrical analysis. Conventional banding and FloWatch®-PAB
perimeters were plotted against cross sections.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. CFD compared non-circular
FloWatch®-PAB cross sections with conventional banding regarding pressure
gradients.Clinical data. Seven children, median age 2months (7days-3years), median
weight 4.2kg (3.2-9.8kg) with complex congenital heart defects underwent
PA banding with FloWatch®-PAB implantation.Results. Geometrical analysis. Conventional banding: progressive reduction
of cross sections was accompanied by progressive reduction of PA
perimeters. FloWatch®-PAB: with equal reduction of cross sections the PA
perimeter remained constant.CFD model. Non-circular and circular banding provided same trans-banding
pressure gradients for same cross sections at any given flow.Clinical data. Mean PA internal diameter at banding was 13.3±4.5mm. After
mean interval of 5.9±3.7 months, all children underwent intra-cardiac
repair and simple FloWatch®-PAB removal without PA reconstruction. Mean PA
internal diameter with FloWatch®-PAB removal increased from 3.0±0.8mm to
12.4±4.5mm (normal mean internal diameter for the age = 9.9±1.6). No
residual pressure gradient was recorded in correspondence of the site of
the previous FloWatch®-PAB implantation in 6/7 patients, 10mmHg peak and
5mmHg mean gradient in 1/7.Conclusions. The non-circular shape of FloWatch®-PAB can replace
conventional circular banding with the following advantages:a)the pressure gradient will remain essentially the same as for
conventional circular banding for any given cross section, but with
significantly smaller reduction of PA perimeter b)PA reconstruction at the time of de-banding for intra-cardiac repair can
be avoided.
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MOX 81 - 06/03/2006
Balossino, R., Pennati, G.; Migliavacca, F.; Formaggia, L.; Veneziani, A.; Tuveri, M.; Dubini, G.
Influence of boundary conditions on fluid dynamics in models of the cardiovascular system: a multiscale approach applied to the carotid bifurcation | Abstract | | Background:
This work aims at addressing an important problem in the simulation of detailed 3D hemodynamic models of vascular districts
with complex anatomy. Namely, to define appropriate boundary conditions accounting for both local as well as global effects.
Approach:
The approach devised in this work is based on a multiscale model, where the Navier-Stokes
equations for the district of interest are coupled to a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations which
describes the global circulatory system as a lumped parameter network. The multiscale approach is applied to three 3D models
of a carotid bifurcation which differ only in the severity of a stenosis in the internal carotid artery. The results of the
multiscale simulations are compared to those obtained by two stand-alone models of the carotid bifurcation, which differ in
the adopted strategy in prescribing the boundary conditions.
Results:
Significant differences are found in the results between the multiscale and the stand-alone models in
terms of flows, pressures and wall shear stresses distribution in the 3D domain.
Conclusions:
The capability to numerically predict the hemodynamic changes due to the presence of a stenosis is highly
dependent on the availability of correct boundary conditions. The geometrical multiscale approach offers a logical and
proper alternative to the use of measured data to prescribe realistic boundary conditions and predict new hemodynamic scenarios.
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