Quaderni MOX
Pubblicazioni
del Laboratorio di Modellistica e Calcolo Scientifico MOX. I lavori riguardano prevalentemente il campo dell'analisi numerica, della statistica e della modellistica matematica applicata a problemi di interesse ingegneristico. Il sito del Laboratorio MOX è raggiungibile
all'indirizzo mox.polimi.it
Trovati 1349 prodotti
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39/2018 - 12/07/2018
Ferro, N.; Micheletti, S.; Perotto, S.
Density-based inverse homogenization with anisotropically adapted elements | Abstract | | The optimization of manufacturable extremal elastic materials can be carried out via topology optimization using the homogenization method. We combine here a standard density-based inverse homogenization technique with an anisotropic mesh adaptation procedure in the context of a finite element discretization. In this way, the optimized layouts are intrinsically smooth and ready to be manufactured. |
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40/2018 - 12/07/2018
Chiappa, A.S.; Micheletti, S.; Peli, R.; Perotto, S.
Mesh adaptation-aided image segmentation | Abstract | | We focus on a variational approach to image segmentation based on the
Ambrosio-Tortorelli functional. To make the procedure more effective with
respect to standard algorithms, we combine the functional minimization
with the the employment of an optimal discretization. More precisely, we
perform a finite element approximation of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli func-
tional on a triangular adapted mesh able to follow exactly the contours
present in the images, in the spirit of a mesh adaptation-aided image seg-
mentation. This challenging goal is reached via a rigorous a posteriori
error analysis enriched with anisotropic information. The benefits due to
the proposed algorithm are evident both in terms of increased resolution
in the edge detection and in a considerable reduction of the computational
costs, as confirmed by an extensive numerical investigation. |
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38/2018 - 12/07/2018
Domanin, M.; Gallo, D.; Vergara, C.; Biondetti, P.; Forzenigo, L.V.; Morbiducci, U.
Prediction of long term restenosis risk after surgery in the carotid bifurcation by hemodynamic and geometric analysis | Abstract | | Objective- Carotid restenosis is a common complication occurring after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). This study aimed to explore the potential of local hemodynamic disturbances and carotid bifurcation geometry to predict long-term restenosis at 60 months after CEA.
Methods- Thirteen carotid bifurcations with a stenosis greater than 70% were submitted to CEA. Arteriotomy repair was performed with patch graft (PG) angioplasty in 9 cases, with primary closure (PC) in 4 cases. MRI acquisitions were performed within a month after surgery for hemodynamic and geometric characterization. Personalized computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed and hemodynamic disturbances were quantified in terms of exposure to low and oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS). Each carotid geometry was characterized automatically in terms of flare (i.e., the expansion at the carotid bulb) and tortuosity proximal to the bifurcation. Based on hemodynamics and geometry, cases were classified into three categories of “geometric” or “hemodynamic” restenosis risk. At 60 months after CEA, eligible participants underwent duplex ultrasound scan and peak systolic velocity measurement for the detection of restenosis, with extraction of intima-media thickness from five selected locations along the carotid bifurcation.
Results- More unfavorable hemodynamic conditions established in PG than PC cases. Carotid flare was found to be significantly associated with the exposure to low WSS and therefore considered to define the geometric restenosis risk. No significant associations were found for tortuosity. The two cases characterized by the highest flare and the largest exposure to low WSS developed restenosis >50% at 60 months. A high correspondence was found between morphological DUS observations of myointimal thickening or new atheroma development and low and oscillatory WSS regions.
Conclusions- The quantitative analysis of hemodynamics and geometry holds potential for the stratification of patients at risk for development of late restenosis after CEA. Moreover, it can help the understanding of the mechanistic processes underlying restenosis development, potentially guiding the clinical decision between PG vs. PC. Our findings suggest that arteriotomy repair should avoid an artificial flare, that is linked with restenosis via the generation of flow disturbances. Geometric characterization from imaging data is a convenient, fast and easy method that can be integrated in the clinical practice.
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37/2018 - 06/06/2018
Bonaventura, L.; Della Rocca A.;
Convergence analysis of a cell centered finite volume diffusion operator on non-orthogonal polyhedral meshes | Abstract | | A simple but successful strategy for building a discrete diffusion operator in finite volume schemes of industrial use is to correct the standard two-point flux approximation with a term accounting for the local mesh non-orthogonality. Practical experience with a variety of different mesh typologies, including non-orthogonal tetrahedral, hexahedral and polyhedral meshes, has shown that this discrete diffusion operator is accurate and robust whenever the mesh is not too distorted and sufficiently regular. In this work, we show that this approach can be interpreted as equivalent to introducing an anisotropic operator that accounts for the preferential directions induced by the local mesh non-orthogonality. This allows to derive a convergence analysis of the corrected method under a quite weak global assumption on mesh distortion. This convergence proof, which is obtained for the first time for this finite volume method widely employed in industrial applications, provides a reference framework on how to interpret some of its variants commonly implemented in commercial finite volume codes. Numerical experiments are presented that confirm the accuracy and robustness of the results. Furthermore, we also show empirically that a least square approach to the gradient computation can
provide second order convergence even when the mild non-orthogonality condition on the mesh is violated. |
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36/2018 - 03/06/2018
Agosti, A.; Ambrosi, D.; Turzi, S.
Strain energy storage and dissipation rate in active cell mechanics | Abstract | | When living cells are observed at rest on a flat substrate, they can typically exhibit a rounded (symmetric) or an elongated (polarized) shape. Although the cells are apparently at rest, the active stress generated by the molecular motors continuously stretches and drifts the actin network, the cytoskeleton of the cell. In this work we theoretically compare the energy stored and dissipated in this active system in two geometric configurations of interest: symmetric and polarized. We find
that the stored energy is larger for a radially symmetric cell at low activation regime, while the polar configuration has larger strain energy when the active stress is beyond a critical threshold.
Conversely, the dissipation of energy in a symmetric cell is always larger than that of a non-symmetric one. By a combination of symmetry arguments and competition between surface and bulk stress, we argue that radial symmetry is an energetically expensive metastable state that provides access to an infinite number of lower energy states, the polarized configurations. |
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35/2018 - 03/06/2018
Possenti, L.; Casagrande, G.; Di Gregorio, S.; Zunino, P.; Costantino, M.L.
Numerical simulations of the microvascular fluid balance with a non-linear model of the lymphatic system | Abstract | | Fluid homeostasis is required for life. Processes involved in fluid balance are strongly related to exchanges at the microvascular level. A computational model is adopted to study such phenomena mainly relating to oncology, in particular tumor perfusion and related treatments. As far as we know, none of those mod- els consider a physiological non-linear behavior for the lymphatic system. We develop a computational model that consists of a network of straight cylindrical vessels and an isotropic porous media with a uniformly distributed sink term acting as the lymphatic system. In order to describe the lymphatic flow rate, a non-linear function of the interstitial pressure is defined, based on literature data on the lymphatic system. The proposed model of lymphatic drainage is compared to a linear one, as is typically used in computational models. To evaluate the response of the model, the two are compared with reference to both physiological and pathological conditions. A non-physiological behavior is observed when using the linear models of lymphatic drainage but not when using the proposed non-linear model; in addition, differences in local fluid dy- namics are found. This work highlights the key role of lymphatic drainage and its modeling when studying the fluid balance in microcirculation for both to physiological and pathological conditions, e.g. uremia. |
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34/2018 - 03/06/2018
Laurino, F.; Coclite, A.; Tiozzo, A.; Decuzzi, P.; Zunino, P.;
A muliscale computational approach for the interaction of functionalized nanoparticles with the miscrovasculature | Abstract | | There is a pressing need in nanomedicine of quantitative predictive tools for the design of nanocostructs for therapeutic and imaging applications. The advance nano-fabrication technologies can control a large spectrum of design parameters of such constructs, which in turn affect their performance in treatments. However, tuning such parameters by means of a trial and error approach based on animal experiments is expensive and impractical. For this reason, computational models are emerging as complementary tools to guide the design and optimization of nano-based therapies.
This work addresses this need, in the particular case of nanoparticles designed to be delivered in the vascular system and interact with the microvasculature. In particular, we develop a sophisticated multiscale and multiphysics computational model that is able to describe blood flow in the microvasculature combined with the detailed description of particle interaction with the wall on the basis of physically sound mechanistic approach. The model is then applied to simulate particle delivery to a representative portion of a tumor, with the aim to compare the distribution and accumulation of particles for different design parameters such as the deformability of the particle, the number and the strength of ligands distributed on the particle surface. |
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32/2018 - 03/06/2018
Dal Santo, N.; Deparis, S.; Manzoni, A.; Quarteroni, A.
An algebraic least squares reduced basis method for the solution of nonaffinely parametrized Stokes equations | Abstract | | In this paper we propose a new, purely algebraic, Petrov-Galerkin reduced basis (RB) method to solve the parametrized Stokes equations, where parameters serve to identify the (variable) domain geometry. Our method is obtained as an algebraic least squares reduced basis (aLS-RB) method, and improves the existing RB methods for Stokes equations in several directions. First of all, it does not require to enrich the velocity space, as often done when dealing with a velocity-pressure formulation, relying on a Petrov-Galerkin RB method rather than on a Galerkin RB (G-RB) method. Then, it exploits a suitable approximation of the matrix-norm in the definition of the (global) supremizing operator. The proposed method also provides a fully automated procedure to assemble and solve the RB problem, able to treat any kind of parametrization, and we rigorously prove the stability of the resulting aLS-RB problem (in the sense of a suitable inf-sup condition). Next, we introduce a coarse aLSRB (caLSRB) method, which is obtained by employing an approximated RB test space, and further improves the efficiency of the aLSRB method both offline and online. We provide numerical comparisons between the proposed methods and the current state-of-art G-RB methods. The new approach results in a more convenient option both during the offline and the online stage of computation, as shown by the numerical results. |
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