MOX Reports
The preprint collection of the Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computation MOX. It mainly contains works on numerical
analysis and mathematical modeling applied to engineering problems. MOX web site is mox.polimi.it
Found 1249 products
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MOX 84 - 06/12/2006
Dede', L.
Optimal flow control for Navier-Stokes equations: drag minimization | Abstract | | Optimal control and shape optimization techniques have an increasing role in Fluid Dynamics problems governed by Partial Differential
Equations (PDEs). In this paper we consider the problem of drag minimization for a body in relative motion in a fluid by controlling the velocity through the body boundary. With this aim
we handle with an optimal control approach applied to the steady incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations. We use the Lagrangian functional approach and we adopt the Lagrangian multiplier method for the treatment of the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which include the control function itself. Moreover we express the
drag coefficient, which is the functional to be minimized, through the variational form of the Navier-Stokes equations. In this way we can derive, in a straightforward manner, the adjoint and sensitivity equations associated with the optimal control problem, even in presence of Dirichlet control functions. The problem is
solved numerically by an iterative optimization procedure applied to state and adjoint PDEs which we approximate by the finite element method.
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MOX 83 - 05/26/2006
Abba', A.; Bonaventura, L.
A vorticity preserving finite difference discretization for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations | Abstract | | A finite difference discretization of the three-dimensional, incompressible Navier Stokes equations is introduced, based on ideas that have been applied successfully to geophysical flows over the last four decades.
The proposed spatial discretization is mass conservative and vorticity preserving, in the sense that a discrete form of the vorticity equation is derived naturally from the discrete momentum equation by application of a discrete rotation operator.
A vorticity preserving discretization of the viscous terms and an appropriate treatment for rigid wall boundary conditions are also proposed. The relationship of this approach to other similar techniques is discussed. The results are compared to those of a standard finite difference discretization approach in a number of relevant test cases, which demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method, especially when strong vorticity production takes place at the boundaries. |
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MOX 82 - 04/10/2006
Corno, A.F.; Prosi, M.; Fridez, P.; Zunino, P.; Quarteroni, A.;von Segesser, L.K.
The non-circular shape of FloWatch®-PAB prevents the need for pulmonary | Abstract | | Objective: To evaluate the differences between non-circular shape of
FloWatch®-PAB and conventional pulmonary artery (PA) banding.Methods: Geometrical analysis. Conventional banding and FloWatch®-PAB
perimeters were plotted against cross sections.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. CFD compared non-circular
FloWatch®-PAB cross sections with conventional banding regarding pressure
gradients.Clinical data. Seven children, median age 2months (7days-3years), median
weight 4.2kg (3.2-9.8kg) with complex congenital heart defects underwent
PA banding with FloWatch®-PAB implantation.Results. Geometrical analysis. Conventional banding: progressive reduction
of cross sections was accompanied by progressive reduction of PA
perimeters. FloWatch®-PAB: with equal reduction of cross sections the PA
perimeter remained constant.CFD model. Non-circular and circular banding provided same trans-banding
pressure gradients for same cross sections at any given flow.Clinical data. Mean PA internal diameter at banding was 13.3±4.5mm. After
mean interval of 5.9±3.7 months, all children underwent intra-cardiac
repair and simple FloWatch®-PAB removal without PA reconstruction. Mean PA
internal diameter with FloWatch®-PAB removal increased from 3.0±0.8mm to
12.4±4.5mm (normal mean internal diameter for the age = 9.9±1.6). No
residual pressure gradient was recorded in correspondence of the site of
the previous FloWatch®-PAB implantation in 6/7 patients, 10mmHg peak and
5mmHg mean gradient in 1/7.Conclusions. The non-circular shape of FloWatch®-PAB can replace
conventional circular banding with the following advantages:a)the pressure gradient will remain essentially the same as for
conventional circular banding for any given cross section, but with
significantly smaller reduction of PA perimeter b)PA reconstruction at the time of de-banding for intra-cardiac repair can
be avoided.
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MOX 81 - 03/06/2006
Balossino, R., Pennati, G.; Migliavacca, F.; Formaggia, L.; Veneziani, A.; Tuveri, M.; Dubini, G.
Influence of boundary conditions on fluid dynamics in models of the cardiovascular system: a multiscale approach applied to the carotid bifurcation | Abstract | | Background:
This work aims at addressing an important problem in the simulation of detailed 3D hemodynamic models of vascular districts
with complex anatomy. Namely, to define appropriate boundary conditions accounting for both local as well as global effects.
Approach:
The approach devised in this work is based on a multiscale model, where the Navier-Stokes
equations for the district of interest are coupled to a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations which
describes the global circulatory system as a lumped parameter network. The multiscale approach is applied to three 3D models
of a carotid bifurcation which differ only in the severity of a stenosis in the internal carotid artery. The results of the
multiscale simulations are compared to those obtained by two stand-alone models of the carotid bifurcation, which differ in
the adopted strategy in prescribing the boundary conditions.
Results:
Significant differences are found in the results between the multiscale and the stand-alone models in
terms of flows, pressures and wall shear stresses distribution in the 3D domain.
Conclusions:
The capability to numerically predict the hemodynamic changes due to the presence of a stenosis is highly
dependent on the availability of correct boundary conditions. The geometrical multiscale approach offers a logical and
proper alternative to the use of measured data to prescribe realistic boundary conditions and predict new hemodynamic scenarios.
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MOX 80 - 01/31/2006
Ponzini, R.; Vergara, Christian; Redaelli, A.; Veneziani, Alessandro
Reliable CFD-based estimation of flow rate in haemodynamics measures | Abstract | | Physical useful measures in current clinical practice refer often to the blood ow rate, that is related to the mean velocity. However, the direct measure of the latter is currently not possible using a Doppler velocimetry technique. Therefore, the usual approach to calculate the
ow rate with this technique consists in measuring the maximum velocity and in estimating the
mean velocity, making the hypothesis of parabolic profile, that in realistic situations brings to strongly inaccurate estimates. In this paper, we propose a different way for estimating the
ow rate regarded as a function of maximum velocity and Womersley number. This relation is obtained by fixing a parametrized representation and by evaluating the parameters by means of a least square approach working on the numerical results of CFD simulations (about 200). Numerical simulations are carried out by prescribing the
ow rate, not the velocity profile. In this way, no bias are implicitly induced in prescribing boundary conditions. Validation tests based on numerical simulations show that the proposed
relation improves the flow rate estimation. |
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MOX 79 - 01/30/2006
Quarteroni, Alfio; Rozza, Gianluigi; Quaini, Annalisa
Reduced basis methods for optimal control of advection-diffusion problems | Abstract | | The reduced basis (RB) method is proposed for the
approximation of multiparametrized
equations governing an optimal control problem. The idea
behind the RB method is to project the solution onto a space of small
dimension, specifically designed on the problem at hand, and to decouple
the generation and projection stages (off-line/on-line computational
procedures)
of the approximation process in order to solve parametrized equations
in a rapid and not expensive way.
The application that we investigate is an air pollution control problem: we
aim at regulating the emissions of industrial chimneys in order to keep the
pollutant concentration below a certain threshold over an observation area,
like a town. Adopting the RB method for both state and adjoint equations
of the optimal control problem leads to important computational savings
with respect to the use of the Galerkin-finite element method. We consider
different parametrization (control, physical and geometrical input
parameters)
so that we are able to solve the control problem from a global and
decisional point of view.
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MOX 78 - 01/23/2006
Agoshkov, Valery; Gervasio, Paola; Quarteroni, Alfio
Optimal Control in Heterogeneous Domain Decomposition Methods for Advection-Diffusion Equations | Abstract | | New domain decomposition methods (DDM) based on optimal control approach are introduced for the coupling of first and second order equations on overlapping subdomains. Several cost functionals and control functions are proposed. Uniqueness and existence results are proved for the coupled problem, and the convergence of iterative processes is analyzed.
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MOX 77 - 01/16/2006
Quarteroni, Alfio
What mathematics can do for the simulation of blood circulation | Abstract | | In this paper we introduce some basic differential models for the description of blood flow in the circulatory system. We comment on their mathematical properties, their meaningfulness and their limitation to yield realistic and accurate numerical simulations, and their contribution for a better understanding of cardiovascular physio-pathology.
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