Some free boundary problems in thermal insulation

Free boundary problems in partial differential equations (PDEs) are a class of mathematical problems in which both the solution to the PDE and the domain on which it is defined must be determined simultaneously, as the region is not known in advance. These problems arise in many physical and engineering contexts, such as fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and heat conduction. In this talk, we will focus on certain free boundary problems related to thermal insulation, where either the boundary itself must be found, or the presence of an insulating material requires determining its optimal placement in order to minimize heat loss or maximize energy efficiency.